describe what happens when 12 m hcl is added to saturated (5.4 m) nacl.
Molarity , Molality, & Dilutions
Molarity (G)
1.) What is the molarity of a solution in which 58.5 grams of NaCl are dissolved in 1.0 L of solution?
ii.) What is the molarity of a solution in which ten.0 grams of AgNO3 is dissolved in 500. mL of solution?
3.) How many grams of KNO3 should be used to prepare 2.00 L or a 0.500 M solution?
4.) To what volume should v.0 grams of KCl exist diluted in gild to gear up a 0.25 M solution?
v.) How many grams of CuSO4 are needed to ready 100. mL of a 0.10 K solution?
Molality (k)
1.) What is the molality of a solution in which 3.0 moles of NaCl are dissolved in ane.five kilograms of h2o?
2.) What is the molality of a solution in which 25 grams of NaCl is dissolved in 2.0 kilograms of water?
3.) What is the molality of a solution in which 15 grams of I2 is dissolved in 500. grams of alcohol?
four.) How many grams of I2 should be added to 750 grams of CCl4 to prepare a 0.020 m solution?
5.) How much water should be added to 5.00 grams of KCl to prepare a 0.500 m solution?
Dilutions
1.) How much concentrated eighteen M sulfuric acid (H2And so4) is needed to set 250 mL of a half-dozen.0 M solution?
2.) How much concentrated 12 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) is needed to prepare 100. mL of a 2.0 M solution?
three.) To what volume should 25 mL of 15 Thou nitric acid (HNOthree) exist diluted to prepare a iii.0 M solution?
four.) To what volume should fifty. mL of 12 Grand hydrochloric acid (HCl) exist diluted to produce a iv.0 Thou solution?
five.) To what volume should 100. mL of xviii Chiliad sulfuric acid (H2So4) exist diluted to gear up a 1.five M solution?
Answers:
Molarity:
one.) i.0 M 2.) 0.118 K three.) 101 one thousand 4.) 0.27 L or 270 mL five.) 1.6 k
Molality :
1.) ii.0 m ii.) 0.22 m 3.) 0.12 m 4.) iii.8 g 5.) 0.135 kg
Dilutions:
ane.) 83 mL 2.) 17 mL 3.) 130 mL four.) 150 mL 5.) 1200 mL
SOLUBILITY CURVES
* The solubility curve pictured below is also located on p. five of the old reference tables (yellowish sheets).*
ane.) Which compound is to the lowest degree soluble at xx oC?� At fourscore oC?
two.) Which substance is the most soluble at 10 oC?� At l oC? � At 90 oC?
3.) The solubility of which substance is most affected by changes in temperature?
4.) The solubility of which substance is least affected by changes in temperature?
5.) A solution is prepared past adding 50 grams of KNO3 to 100 grams of h2o at 50 oC.� Is this solution saturated,
���� unsaturated, or supersaturated?
vi.) A solution is prepared by adding 100 grams of NaNOthree to 100 grams of water at eighty oC.� Is this solution
���� saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated?
seven.) A label on a flask reads xxx grams of KNO3/100 grams water.� A thermometer reading shows room
���� temperature to exist 25 oC.� No crystals are seen on the lesser of the flask.� Is this solution saturated,
���� unsaturated, or supersaturated?
8.) For each of the post-obit, tell whether the solution described is saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated.�
���� (Assume all are dissolved in 100 grams of h2o.)
����������� (A) 50 grams of KCl at 80 oC
����������� (B) 65 grams of NH4Cl at seventy oC
����������� (C) 90 grams of KNOthree at lx oC
9.) NHthree is a gas.� Draw what happens to its solubility as the temperature goes from 20 oC to 80 oC.
10.) Which two substances have the same solubility at 68 oC?� What is the solubility?
eleven.) Which two substances have the same solubility at 94 oC?� What is the solubility?
12.) For each of the following, point the temperature at which the solution described would be saturated.�
������ (Assume all are dissolved in 100 grams of h2o.)
� ���������� (A) 30 grams of NH4Cl
����������� (B) 130 grams of NaNOiii
����������� (C) fifty grams of Na2So4
����������� (D) 20 grams of KNOiii
����������� (E) 40 grams of KCl
����������� (F) 60 grams of NHiii
xiii.) For each of the following, signal how many grams of solute (per 100 grams of water) will dissolve.
� ���������� (A) NaNO3 at 70 oC
����������� (B) NH4Cl at 50 oC
����������� (C) KI at twenty oC
����������� (D) KClO3 at 90 oC
14.) At xl oC, how many grams of NaNO3 will make a saturated solution if the NaNO3 is added to 100 grams of
������ water?
15.) At 80 oC, how many grams of KCl can be dissolved in 200 grams of water?
16.) At what temperature volition 10 grams of NH3 dissolve completely in 100 grams of h2o to brand a saturated
������ solution?
17.) At 40 oC, how many grams of KNOthree can exist dissolved in 300 grams of water?
eighteen.) At 55 oC, how many grams of NaNOthree tin can be dissolved in 50 grams of water?
nineteen.) At eighty oC, you have a saturated solution of KClO3.� How many grams of solid precipitate will course if the
������ solution is cooled to l oC?
20.) How many grams of NaNO3 precipitate will grade if a saturated solution at 70 oC is cooled to 10 oC?
BOILING POINT & FREEZING Signal Bug
| Solvent | Normal Boiling Point ( o C ) | K b ( o C /one thousand) | Normal Freezing Point ( o C ) | K f ( o C /yard) |
| water, HiiO | 100.0 | 0.52 | 0.0 | 1.86 |
| benzene, C6Hvi | 80.ane | 2.53 | 5.v | 5.12 |
| carbon tetrachloride, CCl4 | 76.8 | 5.02 | -22.3 | 29.8 |
| ethanol, C2H5OH | 78.iv | 1.22 | -114.half dozen | 1.99 |
| chloroform, HCCl3 | 61.ii | 3.63 | -63.five | iv.68 |
* Give your answers to the hundredths place (two places to the right of the decimal signal). *
1.) �Summate the freezing and boiling points of a solution made from 100. grams of ethylene glycol (CtwoHhalf-dozenO2)
����� antifreeze in 900. grams of h2o.
2.) Summate the freezing point of a solution containing 600. grams of chloroform and 42.0 grams of eucalyptol,
����� C10H18O, a fragrant substance found in the leaves of eucalyptus trees.
3.) Calculate the boiling bespeak of 25.5 grams of CviiH11NO7S (four-nitro-2-toluenesulfonic acid dihydrate) in ane.00 ten 10ii
����� grams of water.
iv.) Calculate the freezing and boiling points of a solution of 21.vi grams of nickel (Two) sulfate (NiSO4) in 100.
����� grams of water.
v.) Calculate the freezing and boiling points of a solution of 77.0 grams of magnesium perchlorate, Mg(ClO4)2, in
����� 200. grams of water.
vi.) Calculate the freezing and boiling points of 94.0 grams of sucrose (C12H22O11) dissolved in 300. grams of
����� ethanol.
Answers:
1.) 100.93 oC = BP, -three.33 oC = FP
ii.) -65.63 oC
3.) 100.52 oC
4.) -5.19 oC = FP, 101.45 oC = BP
5.) -9.63 oC = FP, 102.69 oC = BP
6.) -116.42 oC = FP, 79.52 oC = BP
Net IONIC EQUATIONS
Write the products for the equation. (Make sure you lot include (aq) or (s) with the products.) Then write the individual ions that each substance volition interruption apart into. Then, write the net ionic equation.
ane.) ___ KCl (aq) + ___ AgNO3 (aq) -->� ___ AgCl (�� )� +� ___ KNOthree (�� )
ions :
net ionic eqn:
spectator ions:
2.) ___ Zn(NO3)2 (aq) + ___ (NHfour)2S (aq) -->� ___ NHivNOthree (�� )� +� ___ ZnS (�� )
net ionic eqn:
spectator ions:
3.) ___ K2And so4 (aq) + ___ Ba(NO3)two (aq) -->� ___ BaSO4 (�� )� +� ___ KNO3 (�� )
net ionic eqn:
spectator ions:
4.) ___ AgNOiii (aq) + ___ NaI (aq) -->� ___ AgI (�� )� +� ___ NaNO3 (�� )
net ionic eqn:
spectator ions:
5.) ___ HgCltwo (aq) + ___ Thousand2S (aq) -->� ___ KCl (�� )� +� ___ HgS (�� )
net ionic eqn:
spectator ions:
6.) ___ Al(NO3)3 (aq) + ___ Ba(OH)2 (aq) -->� ___ Ba(NO3)2 (�� )� +� ___ Al(OH)iii (�� )
internet ionic eqn:
spectator ions:
seven.) ___ CuCl2 (aq) + ___ (NH4)threePOiv (aq) -->� ___ NHivCl (�� )� +� ___ Cu3(POfour)two (�� )
net ionic eqn:
spectator ions:
8.) ___ Mg3(POiv)two (aq) + ___ Lead(NO3)2 (aq) -->� ___ Mg(NO3)2 (�� )� +� ___ Pb3(PO4)two (�� )
internet ionic eqn:
spectator ions:
9.) ___ BaCl2 (aq) + ___ Na2SO4 (aq) -->� ___ NaCl (�� )� +� ___ BaSO4 (�� )
internet ionic eqn:
spectator ions:
10.) ___ FeCl3 (aq) + ___ KOH (aq) -->� ___ Fe(OH)3 (�� )� +� ___ KCl (�� )
cyberspace ionic eqn:
spectator ions:
11.) ___ NatwoS (aq) + ___ AgNO3 (aq) -->� ___ Ag2Due south (�� )� +� ___ NaNO3 (�� )
net ionic eqn:
spectator ions:
12.) ___ ZnBr2 (aq) + ___ AgNOiii (aq) -->� ___ Zn(NOthree)2 (�� )� +� ___ AgBr (�� )
net ionic eqn:
spectator ions:
Unit 12 REVIEW
Part 1 � Solubility Curves � Utilise the graph on p. five of the Reference Tables (yellowish sheets) to respond these questions.
ane.� At what temperature does 135 grams of KI dissolved in 100 grams of h2o form a saturated
���� solution?
2.� How many grams of KNOthree will dissolve in 400 grams of water at 60 oC?
3.� If 10 grams of KClO3 are dissolved in 100 grams of water at xxx oC, is the solution saturated,
���� unsaturated, or supersaturated?
4.� How many grams of solid precipitate will form if a saturated NaNO3 solution is cooled from fourscore oC to
���� 20 oC?
Function 2 � Concentration of Solutions
5.� How many grams of Atomic number 26(C2H3Oii)iii are needed to dissolve to brand 350. mL of a ii.50 Grand solution?
six.� What is the molarity of a solution fabricated past diluting 17.3 mL of 12 M hydrochloric acid to 550. mL ?
7.� What is the molality of a solution fabricated by adding 56.3 grams of Mg(NO3)2 to 750. grams of water?
Part 3 � Boiling Signal/Freezing Betoken Calculations
8.� What is the boiling bespeak of a solution made by dissolving 45.67 grams of hexane (CviH14 )in 550.
���� grams of carbon tetrachloride?
Part 4 � Solubility � Write (s) or (aq) side by side to each product. � Then, write the net ionic equation.
9.� ___ Ca(NOthree)two (aq)� +� ___ Na2CO3 (aq)� � � ___ NaNOiii (�� )� +� ___ CaCOiii (�� )
10.� ___ Zn(NO3)ii (aq)� +� ___ Thou3PO4 (aq)� � � ___ KNO3 (�� )� +� ___ Zn3(PO4)2 (�� )
Source: http://msduncanchem.com/Unit_12/unit_12_wkshts_all.htm
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